What Are the First Signs of Feline Leukemia?

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is one of the most dangerous and contagious diseases among cats. It weakens a cat’s immune system and increases the risk of infections and cancers. The virus spreads through saliva, urine, and blood—mainly during grooming or sharing food bowls. Cats that roam outdoors or interact with infected cats are at higher risk. Understanding the early warning signs helps cat owners act quickly to ensure proper care and treatment.

Unexplained Weight Loss and Loss of Appetite

One of the earliest signs of feline leukemia is a sudden decrease in appetite. Cats may become disinterested in food or eat much less than usual. Over time, this leads to noticeable weight loss. A once active and well-fed cat might appear thin and weak. Because FeLV affects the immune system and overall metabolism, the cat’s body struggles to absorb nutrients properly. If your cat refuses food for more than a day, it’s crucial to schedule a vet visit immediately.

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Persistent Fever and Lethargy

In the early stages of feline leukemia, cats may experience mild to moderate fever. Owners often notice that their pet seems unusually tired or uninterested in playtime. The cat may sleep longer, move slower, or hide more frequently. Lethargy occurs because the virus suppresses red blood cell production, leading to anemia and low energy levels. While these symptoms might seem minor, they are often the first clues that something serious is happening internally.

Swollen Lymph Nodes and Pale Gums

Swelling in the lymph nodes is another key early sign. These nodes, located under the jaw, behind the knees, and near the shoulders, can become enlarged as the immune system reacts to the virus. You may feel small lumps when gently touching these areas. Additionally, pale or whitish gums indicate anemia, which commonly develops in FeLV-infected cats. Healthy gums are usually pink, so any change in color should be taken seriously and checked by a veterinarian.

Recurring Infections and Poor Coat Condition

Cats with feline leukemia often develop repeated infections, such as respiratory or skin problems. The weakened immune system allows bacteria and viruses to thrive. You may notice nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, or eye irritation. Another visible sign is a dull, rough, or matted coat. The fur may lose its shine and texture due to nutritional deficiencies and poor overall health. Regular grooming and checkups can help detect these changes early.

Gastrointestinal Issues and Behavioral Changes

Digestive problems such as diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation are also common in early FeLV cases. These issues result from the virus affecting the digestive tract and internal organs. Some cats may also show sudden behavioral changes, such as aggression, depression, or hiding for long periods. Stress and discomfort from the illness often trigger these shifts in temperament. Tracking your cat’s eating habits, litter box activity, and daily mood can provide early clues to underlying illness.

Frequent Mouth Problems and Dental Infections

Mouth and gum diseases occur frequently in cats with feline leukemia. Owners may observe drooling, bad breath, or red, inflamed gums. Ulcers or sores inside the mouth can cause pain, making eating difficult. These oral symptoms often appear early, so regular dental checkups are vital. Maintaining good dental hygiene can help reduce infection risk and ease discomfort during early stages of the disease.

When to See a Veterinarian

If you notice one or more of these symptoms, contact a veterinarian immediately. Early testing can confirm whether your cat has FeLV. The vet may recommend a blood test to detect viral proteins. Though feline leukemia has no cure, supportive care can extend your cat’s life and improve comfort. Treatments often include immune boosters, antibiotics for infections, and dietary changes. Keeping your cat indoors, vaccinating them, and limiting contact with other cats can prevent the virus from spreading.

Detecting Feline Leukemia Early

Recognizing the first signs of feline leukemia can make a life-saving difference. Cats that receive prompt veterinary attention often live longer and more comfortably. Stay observant, maintain routine health checks, and act quickly if your cat behaves unusually. Awareness and early intervention remain the strongest tools against feline leukemia.